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The research methodology was based on obtaining information from Hospital Infantil Robert Reid Cabral, as well as reliable sources that were found on the web, most of them from data bases. Much of the epidemiology found in this research was based on both the information found field on HIRRC, along with other researches that included medical examinations and studies. Information has been obtained from the years 2006 up to 2019, in able to obtain a wider spectrum of the conditions of respiratory diseases in the Dominican Republic, in order to make data more reliable. The data collection comes from these obtained sources.
A ground researcher was able to visit Hospital Infantil Robert Reid Cabral and spoke to four doctors, three from the pulmonology department and one doctor in the emergency room in order to analyze the prevalence of respiratory diseases in the Dominican Republic. According to these doctors, more than 60 percent of pediatric patients that arrive to the emergency room present a respiratory condition, as a primary or secondary cause. This data alone shows that respiratory diseases are among the most common in the Dominican Republics population. Still according to HIRRC, asthma is the most common cause of hospitalizations in the pulmonology department. It accounts for about 70 to 80 percent. However, recently, they have only obtained few cases of asthma because there are other conditions that have been more prevalent because of the time of years. Asthma is more likely to occur in boys than in girls, only until they get to puberty. In the puberty years, the ratio of males to females with asthma levels. Recently, because it is winter, over 60% of hospitalizations in pneumology were due to bronchiolitis. Winter means more viral infections. Later on in this research, the most common causes of bronchiolitis will be studied. Children that develop bronchiolitis are more likely to develop asthma later on in life according to the experience of these doctors that have seen patients from their early years. Also, young children are more likely to develop this condition. Not seen as often in older children and young adults. This is because older children have most likely been exposed to the virus and so are less likely to incubate the disease. Other common causes of emergencies and hospitalizations due to respiratory conditions are pneumonia and atypical respiratory diseases, among others. These are the prevalence of respiratory diseases according to HIRRC in the last few months. According to an article from el dia from 2009, there were around 300 daily cases arriving at HIRRC due to respiratory diseases (El Dia, 2009).
According to an article by Paniagua published by CDN in 2016, between 40 and 60 percent of all emergencies admitted in Hospital Materno infantil San Lorenzo de los Mina and in Maternidad Infantil de Boca Chica are due to pediatric respiratory diseases (Paniagua, 2016). Also the following information comes from a study made by the Department of Pediatrics, Robert Reid Cabral Children’s Hospital Affiliated to the University Iberoamericana Unibe School of Medicine and by the Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China. This cross sectional study was done on 600 children 3 to 11 years old were they aimed to study the prevalence of asthma and its risk factors in the Dominican Republic. (Mejias & Ramphul, 2018). According to their findings 22% (132 children) of children studied (300 children 3-11 y/o) were diagnosed with asthma (Mejias & Ramphul, 2018). Other important findings were:
According to age
- 14 aged between 3-5 years (9.3%)
- 33 aged between 5-7 years (22.0%)
- 43 aged between 7-9 years (28.6%)
- 42 aged between 9-11 years (28.0%)
According to gender
- 59 males (19.7%)
- 73 females (24.3%)
Family history