Chronic Kidney Disease: Identification and Control

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Andersons Research (2009)

Conceptual Framework

The measurement of kidney function in people of older ages is rather difficult due to age-related changes.

Design/Method

The end-stage of chronic kidney disease has been analyzed.

Sample & Setting

The members of the sampling were approximately 75 years old with pre-clinical kidney disease.

Major Variables

The GFR-based criteria were studied to answer CKD-related issues.

Measurement

Estimating equations were calculated to assess the work of the kidneys and to determine the level of serum markers.

Data Analysis

The qualitative and quantitative data were gathered and analyzed to predict the appropriate treatment.

Findings

The highest incidence was in older men compared with women. Diabetes and racial origin were proved to be predictors of CKD.

Appraisal: Worth to Practice

The study requires further clinical trials of patients undergoing dialysis.

Baloguns Research (2016)

Conceptual Framework

The study dwells upon clinical directives that enable identifying and controlling the CKD.

Design/Method

The authors applied a qualitative evaluation of the relevant sources and considered their application in terms of management postulates.

Sample & Setting

As the authors did not conduct original research, there was no sampling.

Major Variables

Comorbid conditions, CKD complications, nutrition, proteinuria, clinicians support were studied.

Measurement

No measurements due to the research background.

Data Analysis

The qualitative data gained from the literature were analyzed, and the evidence-based guidelines were provided.

Findings

The study proved that early intervention is obligatory for reducing mortality.

Appraisal: Worth to Practice

The provided guidelines can be used as evidence for early clinical intervention.

Foxs Research (2013)

Conceptual Framework

The study aimed at proving that early clinical intervention by physicians can significantly improve the wellbeing of patients.

Design/Method

The CRCT was used together with the analysis of cost and process.

Sample & Setting

The 2000 patients have been studied in the hospital environment.

Major Variables

The variables assessed included: ESRD, PCP, CDS.

Measurement

The patient-level information was measured.

Data Analysis

The clusters were analyzed using qualitative methods.

Findings

The Translate method was referred to as effective in patients with CKD.

Appraisal: Worth to Practice

The findings of the research enable practitioners to utilize the Translate method as an effective tool for health care provision.

Hoggs Research (2016)

Conceptual Framework

It was considered that the CKD could be examined in the early stages.

Design/Method

Evidence-based information about the CKD in children and adults was gathered from various articles and analyzed to provide guidelines for practitioners.

Sample & Setting

As an initial investigation was not held, there was no sampling size or population.

Major Variables

The varied consequences of the CKD were studied in children and adults.

Measurement

No measurements due to the research background.

Data Analysis

The evidence-based literature was analyzed to provide further guidelines.

Findings

A five-step platform was developed that enables CKD assessment.

Appraisal: Worth to Practice

The summarized recommendations can be helpful when examining the early onset of kidney disease.

Japanese Society of Nephrology (2009)

Conceptual Framework

The goal of the research was to produce guidelines to reduce the number of CKD cases.

Design/Method

The therapeutic purposes included all the patients with the disease except for the ones having dialysis in place.

Sample & Setting

The 35 specialists were to conduct their investigations in the health care institutions they were currently employed in.

Major Variables

The patients lifestyle, nutrition, anemia, bone disorder, nephropathy, atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, and others were studied.

Measurement

Various lab tests were conducted and correlated to the reviews of the evidence-based literature.

Data Analysis

The mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative) were used to analyze the data.

Findings

The findings revealed that the onset of the CKD depends on various factors such as eating habits, lifestyle, heredity, the presence of diabetes, and others.

Appraisal: Worth to Practice

The summoned guidelines will help practitioners to treat the CKD patients effectively.

Murphrees Research (2010)

Conceptual Framework

The study critically reviews the opportunity of eliminating risk factors to prevent the cases of CKD.

Design/Method

The research was based on the evidence collected from multiple studies.

Sample & Setting

No sampling data were available.

Major Variables

The proteinuria, blood pressure, tobacco abuse, bone metabolism, anemia, metabolic acidosis, and cardiovascular risks were studied.

Measurement

No measurements due to the research background.

Data Analysis

The authors did not provide enough information about data analysis.

Findings

One of the major findings is that health care specialists need to raise the health literacy of patients to achieve better treatment outcomes.

Appraisal: Worth to Practice

The evidence-based guidelines will support health care providers in patient management.

  • CDS  computer decision support.
  • CKD  chronic kidney disease.
  • CRCT  cluster randomized controlled trial.
  • ESRD  stage renal disease.
  • GFR  glomerular filtration rate
  • PCP  primary care physician.

References

Anderson, S., Halter, J., Hazzard, W., Himmelfarb, H., McFarland Horne, F., Kaysen, G., & High, K. (2009). Prediction, Progression, and Outcomes of Chronic Kidney Disease in Older Adults. JASN, 20(6), 1199-1209.

Balogun, R. A., & Bolton, W. K. (2016).Chronic Kidney Disease: A Brief Review for the Primary Care Physician. JCOM. Web.

Fox, C., Vest, B., Kahn, L., Dickinson, M., Fang, H., Pace, W., & Peterson, K. (2013). Improving evidence-based primary care for chronic kidney disease: study protocol for a cluster randomized control trial for translating evidence into practice. Implementation Science, 8(88).

Hogg, R. J., Furth, S., Lemley, K. V., Portman, R., Schwartz, G., Coresh, J., & Levey, A. (2016). National Kidney Foundations Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chronic Kidney Disease in Children and Adolescents: Evaluation, Classification, and Stratification. Pediatrics, 111(6), 1416-1421.

Japanese Society of Nephrology. (2009). Preface: evidence-based practice guideline for the treatment of chronic kidney disease. Clinical and Experimental Nephrology, 13, 534536.

Murphree, D. D., & Thelen, S. M. (2010). Chronic Kidney Disease in Primary Care. JABFM, 23(4), 542-550.

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