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Question 11 pts
Label the following examples of arguments regarding Preferential Treatment as appealing to considerations of Justice (J), or to Consequentialist considerations (C)
We ought to make it up to those who have been victims of discrimination by giving them special consideration in hiring and admissions.
Question 21
Affirmative action programs presume that past discrimination and its resulting present disadvantage are relevant reasons for differential treatment.
Group of answer choicesTrueFalse
Question 31
Label the following examples of arguments regarding Preferential Treatment as appealing to considerations of Justice (J), or to Consequentialist considerations (C)
Just as race or sex were wrongly used in the past to treat people differently, so also is their use just as inherently wrong in present form in preferential treatment programs.
Question 4
Which point does Fullinwider intend to make with the “Land of Giants” thought experiment?
Group of answer choicesThat Affirmative Action is the only viable strategy.That people who benefit from discriminatory practices realize that the practices are morally wrong.
That those who seem like giants today will be viewed as small people tomorrow.
That well-intentioned people may perpetuate discrimination that is invisible to them.
Question 5
Label the following examples of arguments regarding Preferential Treatment as appealing to considerations of Justice (J), or to Consequentialist considerations (C)
By using race or sex to favor some groups we are using an irrelevant characteristic and this is not right.
Question 6
When giving a consequentialist argument for affirmative action one need show only that these programs can have good consequences.
Group of answer choicesTrueFalse
Question 7
What was the significance of the Bakke decision and the University of Michigan cases?
Group of answer choicesThey reaffirmed the separation of church and state by denying Catholic schools the right to federal tax dollars. They forbade the use of racial quotas in school admissions, but allowed some consideration of race in admissions decisions.
They forbade the use of race considerations in school admissions, but allow gender quotas in admissions decisions.
They forbade any consideration of race in school admissions decisions.
8.Explain the element of the principle of equality that asserts that one must show that there are real differences rather than just surmise that they exist.
9.Label the following examples of arguments regarding Preferential Treatment as appealing to considerations of Justice (J), or to Consequentialist considerations (C)
If young girls and blacks, for example, have more role models in certain professions, they will be more likely to seek those positions, and if this is possible only through affirmative action programs, then we ought to support such programs.
10.Slavery was prohibited by the Nineteenth Amendment of the U. S. Constitution.
Group of answer choicesTrueFalse
11.Label the following examples of arguments regarding Preferential Treatment as appealing to considerations of Justice (J), or to Consequentialist considerations (C)
It is not fair to prefer a woman or minority group member over a more well qualified applicant for this is to use an irrelevant difference as a basis for differential treatment.
12.According to the principle of equality, in order to treat people differently in ways that deny them significant social benefits one need only show that there are real differences between them.
Group of answer choicesTrueFalse
13.According to the principle of equality, it is unjust to treat people differently in ways that deny them significant social benefits unless which of the following is demonstrated?
Group of answer choicesThat they are illegal immigrants.That they or their families have materially benefited from past discrimination.
That they or their families have materially suffered from past discrimination.
That they are relevantly different in ways that justify differential treatment.
14.Which amendment to the US Constitution gave black women the right to vote?
Group of answer choices24th19th
14th
13th
15.Label the following examples of arguments regarding Preferential Treatment as appealing to considerations of Justice (J), or to Consequentialist considerations (C)
We ought to realize that if we continue with programs of preferential treatment there will likely be a white male backlash and this will make it even more difficult to achieve racial or sexual equality.
16.Arguments for affirmative action based on reasons of compensatory justice must show that compensation to members of certain groups is justified.
Group of answer choicesTrueFalse
Q17.All of the following are examples of types of affirmative action except:
Group of answer choicesFiring employees to reach racial balance.Setting quotas to reach a more representative racial balance.
Using preferences among equally qualified candidates.
Enlarging the pool of candidates before choosing on the basis of qualifications.
18.The principle of equality is a nonconsequentialist moral principle.
Group of answer choicesTrueFalse
19.Label the following examples of arguments regarding Preferential Treatment as appealing to considerations of Justice (J), or to Consequentialist considerations (C)
If we hire people according to their sex or race, they will have less self-esteem than if they are hired on competence.
20.Label the following examples of arguments regarding Preferential Treatment as appealing to considerations of Justice (J), or to Consequentialist considerations (C)
Simply trying to get rid of overt unjust discrimination has not had the desired effect of bringing certain groups into the mainstream, and thus more drastic measures are necessary.
21.”It is unjust to treat people differently in ways that deny to some of them significant social benefits unless we can show that there is a difference between them that is relevant to the differential treatment.” This quote supports the principle of
Group of answer choicesJustice.Equal pay for equal work.
Equality.
Reverse discrimination.
22.Label the following examples of arguments regarding Preferential Treatment as appealing to considerations of Justice (J), or to Consequentialist considerations (C)
The fact that some people because of past discrimination are now in a socially disadvantaged position is a relevant reason to treat them differently but now in ways that advantage them.
23.The U.S. Supreme Court concluded in the Bakke decision that consideration of race in school admissions was unconstitutional.
Group of answer choicesTrueFalse
24.The people affected by secondary racism or sexism are
Group of answer choicesDirectly affected by discriminatory words and acts.Less severely affected than victims of primary racism.
Invariably silent sufferers, because the forms of discrimination are so subtle.
Indirectly affected by subtly expressed items that have a discriminatory effect.
25
If any group differences exist they will most probably be average differences.
Group of answer choicesTrueFalse
26.What was ruled in the case of Brown vs. Board of Education?
That “separate but equal” educational facilities were unconstitutional.
Group of answer choicesThat affirmative action in elementary schools was illegal and unconstitutional.That students could not be rejected from college on religious grounds.
That affirmative action at Brown University was inherently discriminatory.
27.Explain the element of the principle of equality that asserts that differences must be real. How does this fit with arguments for affirmative action that want to use created differences to justify differential treatment?
28.There are still wide disparities in employment statistics between whites and Blacks in the U.S.
Group of answer choicesTrueFalse
29.Label the following examples of arguments regarding Preferential Treatment as appealing to considerations of Justice (J), or to Consequentialist considerations (C)
If programs could be designed so that they would achieve the goal of equality, then they ought to be supported.
30.Which of the following objections to affirmative action programs is raised by consequentialist critics?
Group of answer choicesThey are fundamentally unfair.They are tantamount to reverse discrimination.
They mainly benefit middle-class rather than lower-class African Americans.
They violate principles of equality and impartiality.
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