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s you work on your final presentations remember to pare down the wording. For example, for the Epidemiological section – do not put all the information that you put into the check-in. Only the pertinent data that led to the clusters etc. This applies to each section of the project. Remember you can narrate some of the data not on slides. See slide guide on Final PowerPoint Presentation guidelines in the Assignment Support. A good guide is to keep your slide narration between :30-1:30 seconds each this would be a total time of 15-18 minutes maximum. There is no slide limit, but you should aim to keep your slides less than 15 including your title and reference slides. **See all guidelines for the Epi-Pop Project Phase III. These are things looked at when grading the final work.**
There are 3 phases that we worked on before. I will attach them here, plus feedback for each one. You need to look at the feedback and adjust according to that and the rubric that I will attach as well.
Phase 1:
Epidemiological Research on Falls among Elders in New York Nursing Homes
1. Epidemiological Perspective
Occurrence (Prevalence and Incidence)
Falls remain one of the most common causes of injuries among the adult population, particularly older adults (Vaishya & Vaish, 2020). Research reveals that the rate of falls in nursing homes is high across New York, with several research works citing the figure to be between 50-75% of the nursing home residents falling annually.
Severity (Mortality Incidence)
Falls are the leading cause of injury-related death among the elderly (Haagsma et al., 2020). The mortality rates associated with falls in nursing homes are very high, and many of the victims had pre-existing conditions.
· Demographics
Gender: Females are more likely to fall in nursing homes than males due to the longer span of their age and higher prevalence of conditions like osteoporosis (Niznik et al., 2021).
Education and Income: This could be due to disparities in health literacy and access to preventive care among individuals with limited formal education and income.
Geographical Areas: Nursing homes in the urban setting have higher incidences of fallers, more than likely because of the higher concurrency of residents and variations in staffing patterns.
· Epidemiological Model Explanation
Falls in the context of the Web of Causation Model refer to the occurrence of the fall being due to a number of factors, such as the patient’s general state of health, mobility, medication impact, and physical barriers within the nursing home.
2. Ecological Perspective
Political Factors
Health policies, such as staffing ratios in nursing homes and state funding for elder care services, determine the extent of fall prevention care programs offered.
Economic Factors
Economic challenges have repercussions on the quality of care and the facilities in nursing homes, as well as, consequently, the rate of falls.
Social and Cultural Factors
Preventative measures taken due to cultural attitudes towards the elderly and perceived importance given to their care affect fall incidence reportage.
Environmental Factors
Unsuitable architectural design, such as poor lighting and slippery floors, is one of the leading causes of falls among the elderly.
References
Vaishya, R., & Vaish, A. (2020). Falls in older adults are serious. Indian Journal of Orthopaedics, 54(1), 69–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43465-019-00037-x.
Haagsma, J. A., Olij, B. F., Majdan, M., van Beeck, E. F., Vos, T., Castle, C. D., Dingels, Z. V., Fox, J. T., Hamilton, E. B., Liu, Z., Roberts, N. L. S., Sylte, D. O., Aremu, O., Bärnighausen, T. W., Borzì, A. M., Briggs, A. M., Carrero, J. J., Cooper, C., El-Khatib, Z., & Ellingsen, C. L. (2020). Falls in older aged adults in 22 European countries: incidence, mortality and burden of disease from 1990 to 2017. Injury Prevention, 26(Supp 1), i67–i74. https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043347.
Niznik, J. D., Li, X., Gilliam, M. A., Hanson, L. C., Aspinall, S. L., Colon-Emeric, C., & Thorpe, C. T. (2021). Are Nursing Home Residents With Dementia Appropriately Treated for Fracture Prevention? Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 22(1), 28-35.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2020.11.019.
Feedback to phase 1:
You have been able to gather a lot of great data here. A few things I want you to think about is looking specifically at geographic areas of the country. Look to see if you can find if falls are higher or even fatal/ disabling falls may be higher in certain areas. Think weather…..
Here are a few more references that should be helpful.
https://www.healthinaging.org/a-z-topic/falls-prevention/causes
https://www.health.ny.gov/prevention/injury_prevention/falls.htm
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/falls
https://health.gov/healthypeople/tools-action/browse-evidence-based-resources/steadi-stopping-elderly-accidents-deaths-injuries
Also, think about what causes fall, not what happens after a fall. We want to address the root causes with primary prevention in this course and with this project. Start looking to see where you can find those causal links in your data.
You will need to start analyzing your data into three clusters, you can use the example to start below:
Cluster 1: Risk – Environmental factors
what are the environmental factors that place someone at risk?
Cluster 2- Risk- Physiologic factors
what are the physiologic factors?
Cluster 3- Risk- Cultural/ Social factors
look for the cultural/ social factors from your data above to put here.
For the final presentation, you will lay out concisely the three risks with the supporting data as I did above. You also may identify from your data the target population. Then write a clear statement as to what the priority risk is: The priority risk is:
Population X is at high risk for falls related to…..
Phase 2:
Attached
Feedback to phase 2:
Your data clusters look good. Make sure you include your in-text citations with your references for the final presentation as it will show how you came to the conclusion you did using analysis of the data. You will want just one primary risk and select a target population. So looking at your data you can narrow your target population down to a specific age range, and then also focus on a primary prevention project to mitigate falls by improving physical surroundings in nursing homes. Remember though your project goals and objectives must be participant focused so it should be structured to help your target population.
Phase 3:
Attached.
Feedback to phase 3
4. Explain briefly a fitting health promotion/prevention model that guides this program
5. List two formal Goals for the program & three Objectives for each goal (goals should have a time frame. Objectives should be issue or participant centered, have a time frame and be measurable. See Bloom’s taxonomy for measurable verbs.
Above are two areas that you will need to change. Your goals and objectives are not participant focused (what the participants of the program (the residents of these nursing facilities will learn and accomplish), what you have listed are program focused goals.
Also you are missing a health promotion/ prevention model from the readings and media that fit your primary prevention program.
You also have a budget listed but what are the funding sources?
Your day-to-day functions should be detailed regarding who is doing what. So of the key players what are their roles?
Please, Please, Please read all the feedback and rubric and follow all the instructions given from a number of slides and speaker notes :30-1:30 minutes per slide, don’t overwrite the slide, and follow the rule of 7. Please add images, pics, and graphs as needed to capture attention and be creative.
The topic is Falls among Elders.
And we are discussing that in nursing home setting in New York. You will find all that in the phases.
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